Glass Ceramic Biomaterials

A biomaterial is a non viable material used in a medical device intended to interact with biological systems williams 1987.

Glass ceramic biomaterials. Applications of ceramic and glass materials in medicine. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides which are inert in the body to the other extreme of resorbable materials which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. They exist as both crystalline and non crystalline amorphous compounds and glasses and glass ceramics partially crystallised glasses are subclasses of ceramics.

Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass bioglass the biocompatibility and bioactivity of these glasses has led them to be investigated extensively for use as implant device in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones. These biomaterials are grouped into bioinert ceramics as alumina and zirconia bioactive glasses and glass ceramics and bioresorbable calcium phosphates based materials. The bioceramics concepts namely physicochemical mechanical and biological properties and respective applications in diverse fields of tissue engineering are discussed in. Glass ceramics based on spinel compositions ranging from gahnite znal 2 o 4 toward spinel mgal 2 o 4 can be crystallized using zro 2 and or tio 2 as nucleating agents.

Shackelford editor 1999 msf. They do not create strong biologically relevant interfaces with bones but they do promote strong adhesions to bones 3 the main applications of ceramic biomaterials include. The controlled design or and modification of the glass and glass ceramics is the key factor to impart a suitable multifunctionality to the medical device. Glass is made of silica calcium oxide.

Glass and glass ceramic biomaterials have been studied for more than 50 years resulting in the development of hundreds of different formulations. From concept to clinic. 9 the phase assemblage consists of spinel solid solution crystals dispersed throughout a continuous. Wilson editors 1990 crc handbook of bioactive ceramics vol ii.

The bioactivity of this glass ceramic was attributed to apatite formation on its surface in the body as with bioactive glasses. 2 hench ll splinter rj allen wc greenlee tk 1972 bonding mechanism at interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. 3 radev l hristov v michailova i fernandes mhv salvado imm 2010 in vitro bioactivity of biphasic calcium phosphate silicate glass ceramic in cao sio 2 p 2 o 5 system. These glass ceramics can be made highly transparent with spinel crystals on the order of 10 50 nm in size fig.

Hastings editors 1984 crc metal and ceramic biomaterials vol 1 j. J biomed mater res 2. Numerous clinical trials have shown intergrowth between this glass ceramic and human bone. It was reported zanotto 2010 in 2009 that 50 000 successful implants had been made using cerabone.

Bioglass and glass ceramics.